APHG Vocabulary
Vocabulary to Remember: APHG
- Mega City - a city with a population of ten million or more.
- Excluded ghettos - the slums inhabited by the very poor, the excluded, the never employed and permanently unemployed, and the homeless; ghettos are mainly caused by discrimination
- Gentrification - the invasion of older, centrally located working-class neighborhoods by higher-income households seeking the character and convenience of less-expensive and well-located residences
- Homelessness - not having a home or shelter to live in; in the U.S, there are 1.5 to 3 million homeless
- Territoriality - when you cross certain borders to get into another region or state
- Democratization - signs on political boundaries telling you that you are entering or leaving a state or region
- City - a large town
- World City - a city that has become an important in the sector of global economy
- Central Business District - The heart of a city that is the center of different aspects of life.
- Census Tract - Picked out by the government that have cities with approximately 5,000 people, they also coordinate with neighborhoods.
- Centrality - The ability of an urban center to attract producers and consumers in the surrounding regions to it's businesses
- Centralization - People or activities gathering in a central location.
- Central Place Theory - A theory proposed by Walter Christaller that explains how settlements should be spatially laid out within an urban system.
- Commercialization - Taking an area of the city and changing it into an attractive place for residents and tourists.
- Concentric Zone Model - A model that show the structure of the American city the says there are five land-use areas in the shape of rings that are arranged around a common center.
- Sector Model - According to this model, the city will develop in a series of "sectors,” each with a defined region.
- Gravity Model - Model showing the interaction between two poulations based on Newtons Law
- Emerging Cities - Cities that are increasing on the scale of importance.
- Employment Structure - The percent of people who are employed in all four city sectors.
- Weber’s Model - A model developed by Alfred Weber for the location of manufacturing plants. He created the least cost theory which separated the costs of manufacturing into three categories. The first and most important was transportation. The site you choose must have the lowest possible cost of moving raw materials to the factory and the finished products to the market. The second is the cost of labor. Cheap labor allows for a larger margin of profit. The third factor is called agglomeration. This is important because when manufacturing plants are closer together they will be able to share skilled labor pools and technological and financial amenities.
- Multiple Nuclei Model - Proposed by Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman in the 1940's. One of the three classical models of urban structure.
- Central Place Model - A theory that shows the number, size, or location of human development within an area
- Colonialism - The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
- Forward Capital - A symbolic capital that temporarily serves as the capital city.
- Nation State - A state that has a population that is culturally similar and they can only be found at that certain location.
- Sovereignty - Rulers of independent states having authority over their own state's affairs.
- State - A politically organized territory that is controlled by a government run by a monarch. It is also recognized by the international community. In a state, you have a defined territory, a continual population, a government, and is recognized by other states.
- Territoriality - A country's or communities attachment to their territory.
- Unitary - A nation-state with a streamlined government that uses their power equally throughout the state.
- Rank-Size Rule - That idea that the population of a city will correspond oppositely with their rank in the hierarchy.
- Urban Morphology - The study of the form of human settlements and of their formation and transformation
- Urbanization - the condition of being urbanized
- Urbanized Population - the number of people living in an urban area
- Urban Hierarchy - Urban hierarchy a term that relates the structure of towns within an area. It can typically be illustrated by dividing towns into four categories: * 1st Order Towns * 2nd Order Towns * 3rd Order Towns * 4th Order Towns.